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Writer's picturePlantHouse Enterprise

Photosynthesis: The Carbon Reactions Part 3 of 6 Metabolism (Photorespiration C2 and C1)


Delivered on: 27 NOVEMBER 2023


Photorespiration is a complex process that occurs in plants when the enzyme rubisco, responsible for carbon fixation in photosynthesis, binds with oxygen instead of carbon dioxide. This creates a toxic byproduct that the plant must recycle through a series of reactions involving three organelles: the chloroplast, peroxisome, and mitochondrion. This process, while metabolically expensive, is essential for plants to recover carbon, maintain metabolic stability, and protect themselves from damage.


Figure 10.2 The Oxygenation Reaction of Rubisco and Photorespiration

Figure 10.8 Photorespiration minimizes the loss of fixed CO2 by the oxygenase activity of Rubisco

Figures 10.8, 10.9 Chloroplasts, peroxisomes, and mitochondria participate in the movement of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms through photorespiration


Kinetic properties of Rubisco, temperature, and the availability of atmospheric CO2 and O2 control the balance between the Calvin–Benson cycle and photorespiration.


List of Key Terms

1. C4 photosynthesis

2. Calvin–Benson cycle

3. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)

4. Ferredoxin–thioredoxin system

5. Induction period

6. Kranz anatomy

7. Photorespiration

8. Rubisco

9. Starch

10. sucrose C1 C2 C3 C4 CAM Carbon Metabolism


Video Timestamps:

0:00 Introduction and Recap

2:00 Introduction to Photorespiration

4:30 Operation of Photorespiration

11:27 Reactions in the chloroplasts

16:02 Reactions in the Peroxisome

23:19 Reactions in the Mitochondrion

30:32 From Mitochondrion back to the Peroxisome

34:39 Glycerate moves back to chloroplasts

36:16 C1 Cycle

44:13 The oxygenation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate sets in motion photorespiration

47:29 Carbon Cycle

47:41 Nitrogen cycle

48:04 Oxygen Cycle

49:38 Michaelis –Menten kinetics

53:21 Km value

54:26 Three aspects regulate the distribution of metabolites between the Calvin-Benson cycle and photorespiration

1:00:00 Conclusion of lecture



Keywords: Photorespiration, C2 cycle, Calvin cycle, Rubisco, Photosynthesis, Plant metabolism, Carbon fixation, Oxygenation, Chloroplast, Peroxisome, Mitochondria, Phosphoglycolate, Glycolate, Glyoxylate, Glycine, Serine, Hydroxypyruvate, Glutamate, Transamination, GDC, Glycine Decarboxylase Complex


Location:

Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia

Fakulti Pertanian, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43000 Seri Kembangan, Selangor

XPMM+9J Seri Kembangan, Selangor

2.9845517506267742, 101.73803356324866


Attribution 4.0 International — CC BY 4.0 - Creative Commons

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